Scarlet Letter Pearl Essay Example For Students

Red Letter: Pearl Essay Youngsters are, commonly, inconceivably delicate animals. They can detect practically any feeling a grown-up might feel just by watching a specific people non-verbal communication and outward appearances. Such is the situation with the energetic Pearl from the novel The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorn. As the girl of the adulteress Hester Prynne, the townspeople see Pearl as an evil presence in a heavenly attendants apparel; as a pixie who not just knows precisely what the letter A connotes on the bosom of her mom, however as the devil who set it there also. They likewise trust Pearl utilizes this data against Hester by continually referencing the letter so as to make Hester very awkward. This isn't correct. Nay, Mother, I have told all I know, said Pearl more truly than she was wont to speakBut in great sincere presently, Mother dear, what does this red letter mean? - and why dost thou wear it on thy chest? - and for what reason does the priest keep his hand over his heart? She took her moms turn in both her own, and looked at her with a sincerity that was only from time to time found in her wild and fanciful character (Hawthorne 175). This discourse doesn't appear to be the expressions of a devil, however a youngster who is absolutely inquisitive about what the letter on her moms chest implies. One must not belittle Pearls insight however. Truth be told, Pearl isn't the evil presence many believe her to be; rather she is wise and delicate towards her environmental factors and would thus be able to see much about the red letter her mom wears. The neighboring townspeoplehad given out that poor little Pearl was an evil spirit posterity, for example, since the time old Catholic occasions, had once in a while been seen on earth, with the help of their of their moms sin, and to advance some foul and fiendish reason (Hawthorne 95-96). From this announcement and numerous others like it all through the novel, numerous perusers are given the feeling that Pearl is a had youngster. Before an announcement can be made on Pearls knowledge or affectability, it is basic for one to comprehend these references are an endeavor on Hawthornes part to show to the peruser a section of Puritanical Society. In no way, shape or form is Pearl a devil. She is an inquisitive youngster and, until one isolates Hawthornes imaginary references towards Pearls evil soul and Pearls genuine astute nature, a character investigation of Pearls personality can't be made. With the gossip of Pearls naughty nature dispersed, one would now be able to contemplate her curious and delicate nature. When Hester Prynne won't uncover to Pearl the character of the youthful childs father, Pearls consuming interest ra pidly lights and powers her to shout out the accompanying interest. Let me know! Tell me!It is thou that must let me know! (Hawthorne 95) This isn't the main time Pearls interest is started all through the novel. Truth be told, there are commonly where Pearl gets curious more than some puzzle; this next model is one of them. Why, what is this, Mother?Wherefore have all the individuals left their work today? Is it a playday for the entire world (Hawthorne 224)? In this circumstance, Pearl is overpowered by interest, as the whole populace of Boston is decked in their delicacy for an explanation that Pearl doesn't know about. Rather than keeping quiet, as a carried on Puritan youngster would, Pearl spills out a great many inquiries in order to understand something that is a riddle to her. While Pearls characteristic interest drives her on the mission of finding reality behind the red letter, it is her delicate and wise nature which answers a couple of the inquiries related with the riddle. A case of this touchy nature happens after the care fight in which Hester battles for the option to stay as the watchman of Pearl. Pearlstole delicately towards him, and grasping his turn in the grip of both her own, laid cheek against it (Hawthorne 112). This is by all accounts Pearls demonstration of appreciation towards the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. One may ask why the touchy youngster would carry on in such a sweet path towards Dimmesdale. Maybe she takes note of her moms distraught voice and stance as Hester begs the men whose desire it is to remove Pearl and give her a legitimate Christian childhood. Pearl may likewise see Dimmesdales demand that the kid stay with her mom, and afterward the conditioning of Hesters face as her emergency closes. Without hearing a solitary word expressed, Pearl can undoubtedly perceive how Dimmesdale spares both her and her mom from a circumstance neither would appreciate. In this manner, the caring signal Pearl makes towards Dimmesdale is her quiet method of saying, Thank you for the endowment of youth you have quite recently given me.Using Pearls qualities of interest and affectability, one can make suspicions about whether Pearl comprehends what the red letter represents. While she is excessively youthful to perhaps grasp Puritanical sin and discipline, Pearl can undoubtedly comprehend that the letter is her moms rebuke and humiliation. What's more, Mother, he has his hand over his heart! Is it since, when the clergyman composed his name in the book, the Black Man set his imprint in that place? Yet, for what reason does he not wear it outside his chest, as thou dost, Mother (Hawthorne 184)? Through this announcement made by Pearl, one may understand Pearl sees an association between Hesters letter and Dimmesdales prope nsity for covering his heart with his hand, despite the fact that she doesn't have a clue what this association is. .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 , .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 .postImageUrl , .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 , .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09:hover , .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09:visited , .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09:active { border:0!important; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09:active , .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b 37d11f09 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u0d0c00e55123778763c8ef6b37d11f09:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Meaning of Life EssayPearl is astonishing kid, and maybe one of the main diserse characters in this novel. While the townsfolk and even Pearls own mom fear the youngster, Pearl is, under close assessment, a normally curious and unpredictable kid. Albeit a few perusers of this novel may not want to figure out the real story and see past the marking of evil spirit and demon, the genuine Pearl is totally not quite the same as this generalization. The genuine Pearl, the curious, savvy, and excellent animal she is, turns into the image for salvation in this novel. Pearl might be the result of transgression and dinginess, yet she has characteri stics that make her an astonishing kid. Undoubtedly, Pearl is the rosebush which becomes close to the jail entryway: she is the one splendid detect the detainees of this novel see as they watch from their little windows in the cell of their psyches.

Paul Slabolepszy coming of age in the cradle of apartheid Essay Example For Students

Paul Slabolepszy: transitioning in the support of politically-sanctioned racial segregation Essay As a 12-year-old student, Paul Slabolepszy, one of South Africas most frank enemy of politically-sanctioned racial segregation dramatists, had his first experience with political dissent. Brought up in a traditionalist, rustic town and instructed at an isolated Catholic life experience school, Slabolepszy made a trip to Johannesburg for a game with the swimming club. In transit, the transport loaded with raucous little youngsters halted close to a gathering of white ladies walking to fight the administrations isolated training framework. Socialists, he contemplated internally, parroting the articulation he frequently heard in his old neighborhood of Wit-bank. He at that point ventured into his pack to discover a sack of oranges, which he heaved at the dissenters. It was only school-kid naughtiness at that point, however over three decades later Slabolepszy reviews the occurrence with humiliation The 45-year-old dramatist experienced childhood in what he calls the Deep South of South Africa, and a significant number of his characters are culled from this scene. It wasnt until he entered the University of Cape Town that he encountered radical governmental issues. My sort of enlivening was unexpected and dangerous, says Slabolepszy, who expounds on South Africas racial issues with extraordinary affectability and is one of only a handful scarcely any nearby writers who pulls in both highly contrasting crowds. Since 1982, he has composed and arranged a play a year. Writing to fill the void A distant memory are Slabolepszys days as a conservative traditionalist. In the front corridor of his two-story house balance encircled banners from his 16 plays. The one for Braait Laaities, a play he wrote in 1991, shows a dark man and a white lady sitting together. In Bloemfontein right-wingers splash painted |traitor over these banners, which were hung all over town, reviews Slabolepszy. His plays contain pieces and flashes of collection of memoirs. He depicts things that he saw growing up among conservative Afrikaners in center South Africa where his Polish fathera previous Royal Air Force pilotworked in a copper mine. In school he needed to be a games author. He kept a journal loaded up with arbitrary occurrences, which he wrote down in discourse structure. I get it has consistently been in me to compose plays, says Slabolepszy, an establishing individual from Cape Towns Space Theater with Athol Fugard and Yvonne Bryceland in 1972. As he kept on working in South Africa, Slabolepszy found thatapart from Fugardthere was a shortage of new South African plays, and started writing to fill the void. An on-screen character just as an author, he frequently acts in his own work. Slabolepszys genuine advancement came in 1982 with Saturday Night at the Palace, which he in the end performed at the Old Vic in London. The thought for Palace, which rotates around an encounter at a roadhouse coffee shop, originated from a short, first page story in a Johannesburg paper. The feature read |Bizarre Attack on Roadhouse. The article depicted how a few white young people rode up to a coffee shop at 2 oclock in the first part of the day as a dark server was shutting everything down the night. They tossed a smoke canister through the window. He ran out and they beat him up. It was a small article. That is all it stated, recollects Slabolepszy. Stories like that cause you to ask, |What truly happened that night? Something different more likely than not occurred. One of the few characters who in the end met up in Palace is a dark man who lives in a remote country yet works in Johannesburg; as he gathers his packs, he discusses what it resembles living in a major city and relocating 400 miles to and fro to work. The adolescent who turns into his primary enemy is an unemployed white soccer player. Royal residence and his other early plays were irate works in which Slabolepszy was attempting to uncover the framework. Presently his work will in general be about compromise. He composes night and day, and at present has three plays on the burner. Its this overflowing constantly. I have such a large number of stories to tell, he says. There is a similar earnestness to his composing that there is to his discourse. .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 , .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 .postImageUrl , .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 , .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5:hover , .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5:visited , .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5:active { border:0!important; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5:active , .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u3 0d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u30d181324fa70ab58cde7b0760b2b5d5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Persians': turned history and radical chic EssayIt is Slabolepszys exchange that recognizes him from different writers of his age. He has figured out how to catch the substance of both highly contrasting South African slang. He utilizes township rapa discourse that consolidates phrases from English, Zulu and Afrikaansthroughout his plays, especially Palace and Mooi Street Moves, his latest work. On-screen characters love to do Pauls plays, says his better half Carol, a previous ballet performer. He composes for entertainers. He composes the manner in which individuals talk. The words sit easily with the entertainers. Charmed by Eivis Slabolepszy has been labeled the following Fugard, yet he doesnt like to be contrasted and his notable comrade. He says his exchange isn't Fugardian. Fugard doesnt talk in broken sentences, in the language of the road. His discourse is all inclusive. Its accessiblelong, extravagant, melodious sections. I dont care whether somebody abroad comprehends the slang in my plays. Im doing it for my neighborhood individuals. By the by, Slabolepszys plays have made a trip to London, Munich and the Edinburgh Festivaland this month, his American debut will come when Mooi Street Moves opens at MetroStage, a little expert auditorium organization in the Washington, D.C. zone which is known locally for its Fugard creations. As the beneficiary of an award from the U.S. Data Service, Slabolepszy completed a tornado voyage through territorial auditoriums in the United States last April. Despite the fact that he had at no other time been to the States, bits of Americana (the side-effect of watching American motion pictures) crop up normally in his plays. Sitting at his lounge area table wearing an Elvis Presley T-shirt that he purchased at Macys in New York, slabolepszy says he wishes that he could have gone to Graceland during his ongoing outing. His fascination with Elvis is reflected in one of Slabolepszys best plays, a years ago The Return of Elvis du Pisanie, a limited show about a man nearly self destruction. Its about facing torment, says the dramatist, who additionally showed up as the shows focal character. South African men are advised to cover their agony. Elvis du Pisanie is the sole overcomer of a family bloodbathhe alone avoided being murdered by his dad since he was remaining outside a film house trusting that his popular namesake will show up. Asked whether he wants to ever leave South Africa, Slabolepszy answers a reverberating no. We are caught in an issue that is so prevalentwere living on the edge constantly, says Slabolepszy. That is the reason I could just capacity in South Africa. Im keen on composing for this crowd. Its the individuals here that I know so well. Their voices are inside my head. I need to offer life to those voices and contemplations.

An Overview of Nicotine Replacement Therapy

An Overview of Nicotine Replacement Therapy February 04, 2020 istockphoto More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was  the first pharmacological treatment developed for smoking cessation that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nicotine gum came first in 1984, followed by the nicotine patch in the early 90s. Both became available over the counter (OTC) in 1996.  In that same year, the nicotine nasal spray was introduced by prescription, followed by the nicotine inhaler in 1998. Nicotine lozenges were approved for OTC sales directly in 2002. The  various forms and strengths of NRTs meet the needs of many ex-smokers, providing  a controlled dose of therapeutic nicotine that is reduced over time until the NRT is discontinued.   Top 3 Things About Nicotine Replacement Therapy 1. Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy Is Not Cheating New  ex-smokers sometimes think that using a quit aid of any kind is cheating. This holds especially true for NRTs because they contain nicotine. While the ultimate goal is to remove all nicotine from your body, it is not necessary to do it quickly. Gradually lowering nicotine in your bloodstream takes the edge off of nicotine withdrawal and makes the task more manageable. There is nothing wrong with using a quit aid to help you stop smoking. In fact, you should look at them as valuable tools at your disposal. 2. You Can Become Dependent on Nicotine Replacement Therapy Nicotine is addictive whether its in tobacco products or NRTs, so its important to use this quit aid only as directed. The course of therapy has been carefully designed to gradually reduce dependence on nicotine over a period of weeks or months. Follow the manufacturers recommendations, stopping the NRT in the time allotted. If you dont think youre  ready to end treatment when the time comes, consult with your doctor. 3. NRTs Are Not Magic For that matter, there isnt a quit aid of any type that will do all of the work for you. Successful recovery from nicotine addiction is a combination of physical and psychological healing, along with plain old practice at living your life  one smoke-free day at a time. That said if you have the determination to do what it takes to stop smoking, quit aids can make the task much easier. Types of Nicotine Replacement Therapy It is worth noting that all forms of nicotine replacement therapy except the nicotine patch are used multiple times per day. This can be problematic for ex-smokers who might find it difficult to stick to the recommended number of pieces of nicotine gum or nicotine lozenges, for instance. The patch is put on once a day and uses a time-release system to administer the nicotine it contains.   Nicotine Patch   The nicotine patch looks like a small, square tan or clear bandage. It has an adhesive backing and is put on the upper arm or leg, or anywhere that is hairless. It comes in three strengths and users step down on dosage as recommended, usually stopping the patch altogether between six and 20 weeks. The patch is available OTC. Nicotine Gum Nicotine gum comes in a variety of flavors and two strengths. Each piece is chewed until ex-smokers feel a tingling sensation, and then the gum is parked between the cheek and gum until the tingling stops. The process is then repeated until the gum is used up, usually about 30 minutes.  Nicotine gum is a commonly misused form of NRT, so be aware and follow instructions exactly, weaning off in the time recommended.  Nicotine gum can be purchased OTC. Nicotine Lozenges Nicotine lozenges come in a pill or candy-like tablet and are used multiple times per day to reduce cravings to smoke. Like nicotine gum, the lozenge comes in two strengths and is put between the cheek and gum where it slowly dissolves over the course of a half-hour or so. The nicotine lozenge is sugar-free and comes in several flavors. Nicotine lozenges are available OTC. Nicotine Inhaler The nicotine inhaler is a cylindrical tube that houses a cartridge of liquid nicotine. Users draw on the mouthpiece to receive puffs of vapor that enter the lungs and send nicotine into the bloodstream. Each cartridge lasts about 20 minutes, administering roughly the same amount of nicotine as would be contained in one cigarette. The nicotine inhaler requires a prescription. Nicotine Nasal Spray Nicotine nasal spray comes in a pump-style bottle with a nicotine solution that is sprayed into the nostrils. The amount of nicotine used (number of pump sprays) is up to your doctor, who will decide on dosage and provide the prescription for this medicine for you. Whats the Difference Between the Nicotine Inhaler and Electronic Cigarettes? This is a good question, and its important to know why these two similar products are not interchangeable.   As mentioned above, all NRTs, including the nicotine inhaler,  are developed to gradually wean users off of nicotine. They are all also federally regulated, and this means that the nicotine in NRT products is manufactured using standards that guarantee consistency. The ingredients used are known and monitored, including the exact amount of nicotine. Consumers can trust that they are receiving what the package says is in the product.   This is not the case with electronic cigarettes, which have been historically manufactured and imported from other countries with no regulatory structure in place. The amount of nicotine in the e-juice solution can and does vary from what the packaging reports. The FDA  is beginning to impose regulations on manufacturers of what are known as ENDS (electronic nicotine delivery systems), of which e-cigarettes are a part. So, eventually, consumers will benefit from the new standards imposed.   Even so, electronic cigarettes have not been medically approved as a quit aid, which means there isnt a course of therapy for smoking cessation associated with e-cigarettes.  That may come in the future, but for now, smokers are on their own when using e-cigarettes to stop smoking.   Electronic cigarettes are considered to be a smoking alternative  rather than a quit aid. Recent illnesses have been associated with the use of e-cigarettes (vaping). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that people refrain from all vaping products. As of the end of January 2020, FDA regulations require that all e-cigarette companies cease the manufacture and sale of flavored vaping products (except for menthol and tobacco). Why Use Nicotine to Stop Using Nicotine? It might seem wrong to employ the substance youre addicted to for recovery, but it offers the advantage of reducing nicotine cravings in a gradual way, allowing your body to get used to less and less until the nicotine is stopped completely. At the same time, ex-smokers can turn more of  their attention toward the habitual side of smoking,  which is where the majority of the work of smoking cessation lies. And, while they do contain nicotine, NRTs  do not contain the many  thousands of other toxic chemicals  that are in cigarettes. Using NRTs in Combination With Prescription Quit Aids If you find that NRTs are not doing enough to help you with smoking cessation, talk to your doctor about combining the NRT youre using with other NRTs or prescription quit aids like Chantix or Zyban.  This could improve your chances of success, but it should be done with a doctors supervision. Dont Smoke When Using NRTs   The nicotine in cigarettes could put you at risk of a nicotine overdose if you smoke while using NRTs. A nicotine overdose may cause you to feel dizzy, nauseous, confused, or weak. You might vomit, experience a cold sweat, or have blurred vision, a bad headache, or even hearing problems.  If anything like this happens to you while using NRTs, discontinue the NRT and seek medical help immediately.   Add Some Counseling and Support  to Your Quit Program Most doctors today will recommend adding some type of support or counseling to round out your quit program. Your chance of success goes up if you have the help of others who have knowledge of what youre going through. Talk to your doctor about support groups in your area, and add some online support as well for round-the-clock help. Are NRTs a Smart Quit Aid Choice? Yes, just use care  so that the NRT youre using to stop smoking doesnt become habit-forming. Follow the manufacturers directions carefully, tapering down and stopping use entirely in the time recommended. Nicotine replacement therapy has helped many thousands of people stop smoking successfully. But the fact is, whatever you use as a quit aid will work if you put your back into it. NRTs wont become a problem of their own as long as you use them according to the manufacturers directions.   A Word From Verywell Remember, quit aids are just thatâ€"aids.  Use them with that in mind and be patient with yourself. You didnt form your habit overnight, and it will take some time to heal and find a new and healthier way of living life that doesnt involve smoking (or cravings to smoke).   It is normal to feel fear when you think about quitting, but that is only because you are addicted to nicotine. Forge ahead.     Choose your quit aid, pick your date, start reading about what you can expect from smoking cessation, and then follow through when your quit day arrives.

The Achievement of Desire by Rodriguez Essay - 999 Words

The Achievement of Desire by Rodriguez In Rodriguez’s essay, The Achievement of Desire, Rodriguez illustrates the characteristics of an automaton, thus confirming Freire’s views regarding the banking concept. Despite his classification as a scholarship boy, Rodriguez lacked his own point of view and confidence, which led him to be dominated by his teachers and his books. In the eyes of Paulo Frerie, Rodriguez would be considered a receptacle. He was filled not only with his teacher’s information, but also with knowledge obtained from his reading of important books. Rodriguez is a classic student of the banking system. Early in his essay, Rodriguez shows signs of yielding to the ways of the banking concept. I became the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I came to idolize my grammar school teachers. I began by imitating their accents, using their diction, trusting their every direction. The very first facts they dispensed, I grasped with awe. Any book th ey told me to read, I read – then waited for them to tell me which books I enjoyed (Rodriguez 625). Rodriguez allowed his teachers to tell him how to think; he became completely submissive to their every belief. As Freire stated the teacher’s task is, to fill the students with the contents of his narration – contents which are detached from reality, disconnected from the totality that endangered them and could give them significance (Freire 348). Instead of having his own opinion, Rodriguez permitted his instructors the privilege of reasoning for him. Rodriguez became a receptacle in every way possible. He basically left the fate of his education up to his teachers by allowing them to dump information into his mind. However, unlike the banking concept, his teachers did not dispose of knowledge in the form of narrated harangues. Instead, they used narrated literature in place of diatribes. Rodriguez read important books such as The Scarlet Letter and Grea t Expectations. But I was not a good reader, Rodriguez claims, merely bookish, I lacked a point of view when I read. Rather, I read in order to acquire a point of view (633). Rodriguez was a container in a sense that he retained the ideas of the books he read, but Rodriguez did not haveShow MoreRelatedThe Achievement Of Desire By Richard Rodriguez1412 Words   |  6 Pagesof writing- like stories, poems, etc. Literate arts are good for promoting the development of aesthetic sensibility, using sentimental and cognitive responses- which leads to precise critical reasonings. In Richard Rodriguez’s essay, â€Å"The Achievement of Desire,† he informs the readers how education became the essential meaning of his life. He established how remorseful he was for neglecting his parents for education and to the extent of disapproving his lowly-educated parents. â€Å"At home, life wasRead MoreThe Achievement Desire Richard Rodriguez2086 Words   |  9 Pagesrelate closely to Richard Rodriguez in â€Å"The Achievement Desire† because he faced many struggles that I too faced as a young girl. My parents always pressured me to work hard at school, I was always suppose to have my homework for Monday done by Friday night, which made me so mad at my parents. Just like Rodriguez was furious at his parents for forcing him into English classes, which started his separation from his parents. â€Å"The Achievement Desire† written by Richard Rodriguez is a story of a man whoRead MoreThe Achievement Of Desire By Richard Rodriguez1902 Words   |   8 Pages Cristal Bowman Shannon Calder Interdisciplinary Research and Writing September 22nd, 2015 The Achievement of Desire When reading this autobiography it reminded me of my adolescent years; I remember feeling like I knew all there was to being a grown up, I also felt like my parents didn’t know much because they didn’t go to college. I strongly feel like they could have always done more than they were doing. Upon reading this, I felt as though I was reading Richard Rodriguez’s journal and he was aRead MoreThe Achievement Of Desire By Richard Rodriguez1807 Words   |  8 PagesI believe the purpose of education is to give students the necessary skills to reach one’s full potential. In â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† by Richard Rodriguez, the author tells how his involvement with education caused him to become disconnected from his family. Because there were no minority studies, the author had to adapt to a Western European point of view which caused him to become isolated from his family, while also disconnecting him from his culture; however today with the emerge nce of multiculturalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Achievement Of Desire By Richard Rodriguez1461 Words   |  6 Pagesshould always be present in our life no matter what do in life. While some of us feel that, our desire is worth more important than family due to the lack of communication with family members. In the â€Å"Achievement of Desire† by Richard Rodriguez, Rodriguez recalls some of the difficulties he had at a young age, which was balancing his life academically and practicing the Mexican traditions. His desire was more important to him than his family because communication with his family was not as strongRead MoreThe Achievement Of Desire By Richard Rodriguez2333 Words   |  10 Pages Because there was so much emphasis on specific areas, it really made me think of ways I could use these essential ideas in other classes. Along with the overall content taught in English 110, we read three essays titled â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† by Richard Rodriguez, â €Å"A Stranger in Strange Lands: A College Student Writing Across the Curriculum† by Lucile P. McCarthy, and â€Å"Big Picture People Rarely Become Historians’: Genre Systems and the Contradictions of General Education† by David R. RusselRead MoreThe Achievement of Desire, by Richard Rodriguez Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Rodriguez’s The Achievement of Desire we are presented with a young Richard Rodriguez and follow him from the start of his education until he is an adult finally having reached his goals. In reference to the way he reads for the majority of his education, it can be said he reads going with the grain, while he reads a large volume of books, the quality of his reading is lacking. Richard Rodriguez states himself he was an â€Å"imitative and unoriginal pupil† (Rodriguez 516). He takes what he readsRead MoreSummary Of Richard Rodriguez s The Achievement Of Desire Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesAnny Rodriguez English 1A Dr. Hull Taylor February 12th, 2016 Paper 1: Summary and Analysis Based on Personal Experience In Richard Rodriguez s â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† essay, we learn the difficult issues he endured in his educational journey. Rodriguez found himself living in two worlds, life at school and life at home. He expresses how living with immigrant parents was difficult while trying to be a â€Å"Scholarship boy.† Knowing he had to become better than his parents and become this â€Å"ScholarshipRead MoreEssay on Richard Rodriguez, The Achievement of Desire: Analysis1405 Words   |  6 PagesStephanie Li Professor Pines Rhetoric 101 8 October 2011 Word Count: 1394 Rodriguez’s Transformation: Developing a â€Å"Sociological Imagination† In his essay, â€Å"The Achievement of Desire,† Richard Rodriguez informs readers that he was a scholarship boy throughout his educational career. He uses his own personal experiences, as well as Richard Hoggart’s definition of the â€Å"scholarship boy,† to describe himself as someone who constantly struggles with balancing his life between family and educationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Achievement Of Desire By Richard Rodriguez1330 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Mary Morley Composition 110 September 6, 2014 In the essay, â€Å"Achievement of Desire†, author Richard Rodriguez, recalls the difficulties of balancing life as a thriving student and the life in a working class family. Growing up, Rodriguez was the exception to the stereotypical student coming from an immigrant/working class family. From an early age, he prospered in academics. He made school his top priority. Rodriguez spent time with his books rather than with family or friends. Initially

Global Warming Warning Essay examples - 1269 Words

Global Warming Warning In 2007, the Arctic reached a 30-year low for sea ice (University of Colorado at Boulder). This is because of global warming or what scientists refer to climate change. The issue with global warming is that it has impactions for damage to future generations. Prevention of a global climate change depends on early detection of human-made effects on climate. The current views on global warming are; those who do not think that the Earth is undergoing a climate change, others that believe the Earth is going through a climate change due to humans, and some who believe that Earth is going through a climate change but is not because of human activities. In order to understand global warming, we have to look to technical†¦show more content†¦Using that methodology the air trapped in the ice can be tested to determine atmospheric gases in the past. The speed in which temperature has increased over the last few decades is alarming compared to the rate over the last century. Global surf ace temperature has increased 0.6 degrees Celsius in the past thirty years, and 0.8 in the last century (Hansen 14288). The significant increase can be directly related to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. For the last 650,000 years, atmospheric CO2 has never been above 300 parts per million (Hansen 14288). In 1950 CO2 parts per million were at 280, today they are at 380. Direct observations indicate that CO2 is rising sharply due to human activity (Cook). The main source of CO2 emissions is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas in power plants, automobiles, and industrial facilities (United States Environmental Protection Agency). It is most evident in the addition of automobiles on the road today. Motor vehicles have been rising by 3.69 million each year since 1960. Currently there are over 255 million registered passenger vehicles on the road today (U.S Department Of Transportation). It is difficult to get people concerned about global warming because it is a problem of the future. Global warming is like a falling rock, in the beginning atop a mountain it may be easy to bring to a stop, but once in motion near the bottomShow MoreRelatedA Global Warning About Global Warming1296 Words   |  6 PagesJames Winning Professor Hoverman SOCY 100 26 September 2014 A Global Warning About Global Warming Global Warning did not really matter to me until the summer of 2014. Before then global warning was just this thing that you would hear on the news or read in the newspaper. This idea did not have much meaning to be because it did not impact my everyday life. One day I began to hear about a Twitter message going viral. The message was from a climatologist named Jason Box and it read, â€Å" If even a smallRead MoreA Global Warming Warning Essay examples1291 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2007, the Arctic reached a 30-year low for sea ice (University of Colorado at Boulder), because of global warming or what scientists refer to climate change. Global warming might be the greatest threat to the future of humanity. Prevention of a global climate shift depends on early detection of human-made effects on climate. The current debate on global warming is divided into three categories: those who do not believe that the Earth is undergoing a climate change, others that believe the EarthRead MoreE nvironmental Issues Of Great Barrier Reef914 Words   |  4 Pagesaccount for around 25 percent of the total emissions in Australia. Environmentalists suggested that emissions from burning of coal and coalmine processing are substantially contributes to increase green house gas in the atmosphere that results in global warning. Importantly, the effect of climate change will have a great significance on Great Barrier Reef. There are two important factors contribute to the ignorance of the Great Barrier Reef ‘s impacts. First, Mr. Hunt’s approval was taken into accountRead More Global Warming and the Media Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming and the Media In this paper I will show that the issues of global warming have been misrepresented by some and cleverly utilized by others, (Y) by giving an overview of global warming as it is portrayed by the media, (Z) so that people will learn to search for scientific information regarding important issues for themselves. (P1) The media’s constant over-coverage of global warming is desensitizing the public to the very real problem of global warming. (P2) In the movies, An InconvenientRead MoreBotkin and Gore Argument on Global Warming Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesGore have very different views on the issues of global warming. Botkin contends that the scare tactics used by Gore and many similar thinking environmentalists are simply a desperate means intended to alarm the public and force governments to take actions that are unnecessary and misdirected. Gore alleges that immediate action is necessary to avoid increases in the plant and animal extinction and the spread of diseases. Bo tkin admits that global warming is a fact, but as a scientist, he cannot agreeRead MoreAn Inconvenient Truth1551 Words   |  7 Pagesthat global warming is a moral issue that humans need to address. For years, scientists have been examining the reasons for the changing climate and have come to the conclusion that global warming is real and it is serious threat to the world. Eventually, this threat will lead to major catastrophes that will cause epic destruction of our planet. Gore’s main purpose in this book is to expose the lies and misconceptions regarding global warming and to inspire the public to take action. Global warmingRead MoreEnvironmental Sustainable Development : Global Warming1696 Words   |  7 Pagesreferred to as global warming. Apparently, in the minds of many, the term global warming refers to increase in global temperatures. No need to worry because the world survives the heat in summer and people living in the scoring heat regions enjoy life thanks to air conditioning technology. Apparently, the world is yet to understand the threats posed by global warming to the present and future generations. That is the reason people continue to engage in activities that contribute to global warming. EnvironmentalistsRead MoreThe World Climate Is Changing1266 Words   |  6 Pageswhich the United States government is unwilling to comply. A news report from the Institute of Policy Studies concludes we have the money to delay global warming but the money is going elsewhere. We are spending 28 times as much on military security than climate security. An estimated $55 billion dollars is required to meet the challenge of global warming but only $21 billion is in the 2017 budget; this is a shortfall of $34 billion. Wondering where the rest of the $34 billion is being spent? The F-35Read MoreClimate Change Denial Of The North Pole985 Words   |  4 Pagescontinue on. Everybody has heard of global warming and the anecdote that our grandchildren will never see a polar bear. Near apocalyptic warnings of the future we will have if we allow it to continue unchecked. However, there is a large faction of people who go out of their way to try to downplay the effects of global warming; these people are known as climate change deniers. Predominantly conservative, these people do everything in their power to undermine global warming for economic gain. Climate changeRead MoreThe Natural Causes of Global Warming Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesthe past 100 years scientists have been warning people of climate change. The general opinion has flip-flopped about three times, from cooling to warming to cooling, and back to warming again. The fact is that earths climate is constantly changing. It has periods of cooling and periods of warming. However, studies have shown that short-term temperature change cannot be used as a gauge for future predictions. The fac t that the earth has experienced warming throughout the last century is not proof

3pl Providers and Users Free Essays

string(109) " the world regard logistics and supply chain management as key components of their overall business success\." A STUDY OF THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS PROVIDERS AND USERS Dr. S. Samar Ali, Associate Professor : Operations Logistics Management * JK Business School, Damdama Lake Road,Bhondsi, Gurgaon 122102, India Telephone: +91-9971876017, Email address: sadiasamarali@gmail. We will write a custom essay sample on 3pl Providers and Users or any similar topic only for you Order Now com ABSTRACT Third party logistics (3PL) has been gaining importance in most places in the world. The implementation of 3PL practices is just beginning and emerging effectively. This paper examines the Indian 3 PL Supply Chain Management and practices with respect to the key success factors and growth strategies . After identifying the critical success factors SERVQUAL is applied to reveal the gap between their achievement and expectation. Respondents to the survey are categorized based on their rating of the key growth strategies on the basis of AHP. Key Words: 3PL; Third Party Logistics Providers; India; Factor Analysis; SERVQUAL; AHP 1. Introduction As conditions for doing business in a global setting have changed significantly during the last two decades the importance of logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) has been recognized universally. As companies realized the need to adapt to the ever changing conditions in an environment of globalization, technological innovation, and more sophisticated consumer demand to survive and flourish they began to incorporate into their systems of operations and focus on a strong LSCM component (Rushton Walker, 2007). Superior logistics and supply chain performance is now a well-recognized strategic dimension for companies to gain competitive advantage. The growth of logistics outsourcing in the USA is attributable to better transportation solutions; greater focus on core businesses; impact on cost reduction; improvements in services; development of necessary technological expertise; availability of computerized systems; and the need for more professional and better prepared logistics services (Sheffi, 1990). The growth of business dynamics has caused outsourcing of the logistics activities to gain increasingly greater importance. Companies have been considering various options to manage their logistics activities including, creating in house dedicated logistics function, setting up logistics subsidiaries or acquiring a logistics firm. (Sahay Mohan, 2006). A 3PL provider is a company which supplies and/or co-ordinates logistics functions across multiple links in the supply chain. The company acts as a 1 â€Å"third party† facilitator between seller/manufacturer (the â€Å"first party†) and buyer/user (the ‘second party’), Figure 1. Figure 1. Main components of 3PL. Source: Research on India – Third Party Logistics – India, November – 2009. www. researchonindia. com Various authors have provided their version of 3PL definition, which are listed in Table 1. Table 1 – Definitions of 3PL in the logistics literature. Authors Lieb (1992) Definition The use of external companies to perform logistics functions that have traditionally been performed within an organization. The function performed by the third party can encompass the entire logistics process or selected activities within that process. Andersson (1997) Murphy and Poist (1998) The procurement of an integrated set of logistics services in a longterm relationship between a shipper and a service provider. A relationship between a shipper and third party which, compared with basic services, has more customized offerings, encompasses a broader number of service functions and is characterized by a longer term, more mutually beneficial relationship. 2 Vab Laarhoven et al. (1999) Berglund (2000) Bask (2001) Activities carried out by a logistics service provider on behalf of a shipper and consisting of at least management and execution of transportation and warehousing. In addition, other activities can be included, for example inventory management, information related activities, such as tracking and tracing, value added activities, such as secondary assembly and installation of products, or even supply chain management. Also, the contract is required to contain some management, analytical or design activities, and the length of the co-operation between shipper and provider to be at least one year, to distinguish 3PL form traditional â€Å"arm’s length† sourcing of transportation and/or warehousing. Organizations use of external providers, in intended continuous relationships bound by formal or informal agreements considered mutually beneficial, which render all or a considerable number of the activities required for the focal logistical need without taking title. Relationships between interfaces in the supply chains and third party logistics providers, where logistics services are offered, from basic to customized ones, in a shorter or longer-term relationship, with the aim of effectiveness and efficiency. Source: Marasco, A. , A Survey of Third Party Logistics Literature: Preliminary Findings. RIRL 2006 – Sixth International Congress of Logistics Research. Since the 1980s, along with the trend to outsource non-core activates (Sink and Langley, 1997), companies have increasingly turned to third-party logistics providers (3PL) both in the USA (Lieb and Randall, 1996; Rabinovich et al. , 1999; Knemayer and Murphy, 2004) and in Europe (Van Laarhoven et al. , 2000). PL services help to achieve the strategic objectives by concentrating more on core competency of the main business. The study by Sahay and Mohan, 2006, has cited substantial growth in various financial indicators using services of 3PL, for instance, various improvements in sales revenue by 13. 5%, working capital by 12. 3%, returns on assets by 10%, capital assets reduction by 10%, production cost reduction by 10. 5%, labor cost reduction by 10. 0%, and logistics cost reduction by 15%. PL users depend on 3PL service prov iders to secure capacity and gain agility (Hannon, 2005) who not only provide core services like supplying right quality product, Figure 2. Outsourcing Development of Logistics Services and Network Source: Hapanen and Vepsalainen, 1999. 3 in the right amount, at the right price and place, and at the right time but also provide value added services such as tracking and tracing, sending information prior to the arrival of products, flexibility in delivery, which are valued by customers. The role 3PL service providers play in enhancing services and thereby satisfying customers has been universally recognized. The growth in 3PL service providers is seen across the world. As the logistics service demand increases, the challenges and opportunities will continue to increase. With the wide availability of modern decision making tools and information technology a paradigm shift in logistics is witnessed. Figure 2 depicts the evaluation and the state of the art witnessed in ogistics outsourcing. Companies across industries and around the world regard logistics and supply chain management as key components of their overall business success. You read "3pl Providers and Users" in category "Papers" Many users feel that their relationships with 3PLs have helped them achieve critical goals related to service, cost, and customer satisfaction. Third Party Logistics in India: Ever since the liberalization of its economy India has been on a path to become one of the top economic powe rs in the world. New avenues for progress and development have opened up; manufacturing and retail sectors gained popularity because of the changes in China’s export policy of not exporting manufactured items, from which Indian manufacturing firms have benefitted. Hence this sector will contribute to GDP significantly in the long run. The growth and competitiveness in these two sectors largely depend on the efficiency of the logistics operations that facilitate the companies’ ability to reach out to their customers quickly and at the desired location. Realizing this many manufacturers and retailers are now restructuring their supply chain processes in a manner to incorporate partnerships with expert supply chain service providers and outsourcing such activities as domestic transportation, international transportation, customs brokerage, warehousing, forwarding, cross-docking, product labeling, packing, assembly, kitting, reverse logistics, freight bill auditing and payment, IT services, fleet management, supply chain consultancy services provided by 3PLs, order entry, processing and fulfillment and limited liability partnership (LLP)/4PL Service. Currently 3PL services are in their nascent stage in India. Third party logistics will gain considerable share of the logistics sector because of the following compelling facts. †¢ 1 Globally, the logistics industry is valued at US$3. 5 trillion and the Indian logistics industry is currently estimated at US$90 billion (CII)1. Colliers International – Logic of Logistics – http://www. colliers. com/Content/Attachments/India/2009_Logic_Of_Logistics. pdf 4 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The industry has generated employment for 45 million people in the country in comparison with the IT and ITES sector, which employs approximately 4. 3 million people1. As per the World Bank Survey, India ranks 39th in terms of the logistics performance index and indicators, with Singapore on top, the UK, USA and China in 9th, 14th and 30th positions, respectively. India spends US$1,148 in handling costs to import one cargo container and US$820 to export it. In comparison, Singapore spends US$367 per imported container and China US$390, according to a World Bank study1. India spends 13% of its GDP on logistics compared to an average of 10% in developed countries, while the U. S. spends just 8%. Better supply chain management has reduced logistics costs by nearly 1% in 10 years1. The Indian government plans to spend US$24 billion over the next eight years on supply chain infrastructure1. 3PL solutions are on course to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 16% from 2007-2010. Consequently, 3PL service providers are expected to corner an increased share of the Indian logistics pie, from 6% in FY2006 to 13% in FY2011, at a CAGR of 25% (CII)1. According to the ASSOCHAM2, outsourcing of 3PL businesses in India should reach the value range above US$ 90 million by 2012 as the concept first introduced in US and Europe is being adopted at a pace that will lead to increases in the efficiency of domestic operations through better managed logistics functions. Companies in textile, automotive, pharmaceutical, manufacturing, retail and FMCG sectors are increasingly opting to outsource their logistics requirements to specialized service providers. According to a recent survey of 3PL service providers engineering, automotive and retail sectors were top revenue earners. PL Market Structure in India The 3PL market in India is comprised of two segments: the first one is asset based in which assets like trucks, distribution centers and warehouses are utilized in supply chain management, and the second one is non-asset based. There is a significant difference between the nature of Indian 3PL and its counterpart elsewhere, especially in the U. S. , Table 2. Table 2: Comparative Analysis of 3PL in India and the U. S. Parameter Usage of 3PL Common activities outsourced 2 USA 71% Warehousing (73. 7%) Outbound Transportation (68. 4%) India 55% Outbound Transportation (55%) Inbound Transportation (52%) http://www. ommodityonline. com/printnews. php? news_id=23489 5 Reasons for not outsourcing Necessity of ecommerce Collaborative relationship Gain sharing is important for relationship Freight bill payment (61. 4%) Inbound warehousing (56. 1%) Control would diminish (63%) Costs would not be reduced (63%) Service commitment would not be met (48%) Logistics is a core competency (44%) 72% Custom clearing and forwarding (51%) 82% 14% 80% 6. 6% Source: 3PL Practices in India, Sahay. B. S. , Poor infrastructure of provider (81%) Inability to respond to changing needs (81%) Unreliable promised from providers (80%) Concerns about capability of providers (77%) 7% www. cscmpindia. com/Events/20112003/3. PDF Considerable amount of rese arch on the topic of the implementation of 3PL in different countries has been published in academic and trade journals. Viewpoints of both users and service providers have been considered to identify the major issues, industry dynamics, current status and future prospects of the 3PL industry. However most of the research is descriptive in nature and does not go into in-depth statistical analysis of survey data. In the present study Indian 3PL providers’ service dimensions are analyzed in terms of the key success factors and growth strategies using various tatistical tools. 2. Literature Review In this section a review of the literature is presented, which examines the perspectives of the 3PL users and service providers to understand the variation in the services offered and services expected. Table 3 provides a list of recent contributions that address the reasons for outsourcing logistics activities. Table 3. Reasons for outsourcing logistics activities. Author, (Year) Obje ctive Conclusion Sheffi, (1990) Understand the motives for the growth of logistics outsourcing in USA The main motives are to focus on †¢ Core businesses †¢ Better transportation solutions †¢ Cost savings and improved ervices †¢ Development of necessary technological expertise and computerized systems; and need for more professional and better- 6 Maltz, (1994) Establish relative impact of cost and services on the decision to outsource warehousing The study determined that organizations are reluctant to use third party warehousing due to customer service considerations. Author, (Year) Objective Conclusion Rao Young, (1994) Identify the factors influencing outsourcing of logistics functions Daugherty et al. , (1996) Study the perception of the third party logistics service users van Damme et al. , (1996) Examine outsourcing ogistics management activities Sink Langley, (1997) Develop a managerial framework for the acquisition of third party logistics services The study identified factors such as †¢ Centrality of the logistics function †¢ Risk and control †¢ Cost/service trade-offs †¢ Information technologies and relationships with logistics service providers †¢ Product-related (e. g. special handling needs), process-related (e. g. cycle times) and networkrelated (e. g. countries served) drivers are believed to have an indirect influence in the outsourcing decision The service users believe that they are getting benefits like reduction in nventory levels, order cycle times, lead times and improvement in customer service. The â€Å"do or buy† decision is also affected by evaluation of cost/service trade-offs. One important determinant of the decision is cost comparison between alternative options. Costs associated with performing logistics activities inhouse and investment in capital assets are traded-off against service provider fees. The lowest cost solution should Concentration towards the core competencies w as the most important factor for the acquisition of third party logistics services. Bhatnagar et al. , (1999) Find out factors for decision-making process or choosing contract logistics service providers. Ascertain benefits of alliance between manufacturing and global logistics service providers. Study benefits of outsourcing the logistics activities. The major reasons to outsourcing of logistics activities were cost saving (86. 8%), customer satisfaction (76. 3%) and flexibility (75%). Study growth strategies for logistics service providers Forming relationships with 3PL providers is an efficient and effective means of achieving the required services without investing heavily in assets and new capabilities. Bhatnagar and Viswanathan, (2000) Bask, (2001) Persson and Virum, (2001) The manufacturing firms got the advantage of reduction in inventory levels, order cycle times, lead times and improvement in customer service. The customer satisfaction increases significantly and provides access to international distribution networks. 7 Sohail Sohal, (2003) Examine the reasons for outsourcing logistics activities in Malaysia The major reasons reported are †¢ Cost savings †¢ Improved services †¢ Better transportation solutions †¢ Better professionalism Author, (Year) Objective Conclusion Wilding Juriado, (2004) Determine customer perceptions on logistics outsourcing in the European consumer goods industry The main reasons for outsourcing the logistics activities are †¢ Competencies of 3PLs †¢ Operating flexibility †¢ Cost reduction †¢ Focus on core businesses Aktas Ulengin, (2005) Review the reasons for outsourcing logistics activities in Turkey Turkish firms basically outsource the transportation activities to reduce the operating costs. Simchi-Levi et al. , (2008) Determine the effect of outsourcing of logistics on the management of the supply chain. The most important reason for outsourcing is that it allows a company to focus on its core competencies and hence on customer requirements. Studies based on user firms appear to indicate that outsourcing logistics activities is appropriate if it has an impact on one or more factors depicted in Table 4. Table 4. Impact of outsourcing logistics activities. Factor Impact on customer satisfaction Indentified by Gooley (1992); and Lieb et al. (1993) Impact on logistics system performance Lieb et al. (1993) and Dapiran et al. (1996) and Bhatnagar et al. (1999) Reduction in capital investment in facilities Reduction in capital investment in equipment Foster and Muller (1990) and Richardson (1992, 1995) Fantasia (1993), Foster and Muller (1990) and Richardson (1992) Reduction in investment in information technology Impact on employee morale Goldberg (1990), Sheffi (1990), Trunick (1990) and Fantasia (1993) Bowersox (1990) and Dapiran et al. (1996) Reduction in manpower cost Foster and Muller (1990) and Richardson (1992, 1995) Minaham (1997) and McMullan (1996) Improvement on specific logistics function parameters Improvement in inventory turnover rates Improvement in on-time delivery Increasing productivity Richardson (1990, 1995) Richardson (1995) Bradley (1995) 8 A list of references that address the issue of selection criteria for 3PL providers is given in Table 5. Table 5. Selection criteria for 3PL providers. Reference Objective Conclusion Bagchi and Virum, (1996) Develop a management model for selecting the logistic service provider Selection criteria typically include: †¢ Cost †¢ Service quality and reliability †¢ Flexibility †¢ Responsiveness to requests †¢ Financial stability Sink Langley, (1997) Develop a managerial framework for the acquisition of 3PL services Menon et al. , (1998) To study the selection criteria for 3PL providers. Meade and Sarkis, (2002) To develop conceptual model for selecting and evaluating third-party reverse logistics providers. Managers of a firm assign greater mportance to qualitative factors such as supplier reputation, references from clients, and response to information requests, which are used for the initial screening of candidate service The firm’s competitiveness strategy and its external environment affect the selection criteria. The important criteria for the selection of a 3PL provider are: †¢ On time shipment and deliveries †¢ Superior error rates †¢ Financial stability †¢ Creative management †¢ Ability to deliver as promised †¢ Availability of top management †¢ Responsiveness to unforeseen occurrences †¢ Meet performance and quality The most important factors for 3PL election are: †¢ Time †¢ Quality †¢ Cost †¢ Flexibility Aghazadeh, (2003) To select the effective 3PL provider. The criteria for selecting 3PL provider are: †¢ Similar value †¢ Information technology systems †¢ Key management 9 Colson and Dorigo, (2004) H. S. Hwang et al. , (2005) Efendigil et al. , (2008) To develop public warehouse selection support system. The software tool select the public warehouse on the basis of factors like †¢ Storage surface and volume †¢ Dangerous items †¢ Geographical distance to highway connection †¢ Certification †¢ Assistance with customs †¢ Use of technol ogy such as RFID/bar-coding, modem To develop the supplier The major supplier selection selection and planning indicators are: model. †¢ Serviceability – Meet the lead time †¢ Inventory rotation rate †¢ Lead time †¢ Customer satisfaction †¢ Market share †¢ Production flexibility †¢ Multi-item production capability †¢ New item development/production capability †¢ Quality – Quality assurance Selection of a thirdThe third party reverse logistics party reverse logistics providers selection can be done by provider in the using performance indicators like: presence of vagueness. †¢ On time delivery ratio †¢ Confirmed fill rate †¢ Service quality level Unit operation cost †¢ Capacity usage ratio †¢ Total order cycle time †¢ System flexibility index †¢ Integration level index †¢ Increment in market share †¢ Research and development ratio †¢ Environmental expenditures †¢ Customer satisfaction index Table 6 gives Jh arkharia and Shankar’s (2006) list of the selection criteria for 3PL providers as identified by some authors. Table 6. Selection criteria. N o Selection Criteria Relevance in 3PL Selection Reference 10 1 Compatibility with the Users The ability of the user, provider and their support systems to work together in co-ordination. Anderson and Norman 2002), Lynch (2000), Mohanty and Deshmukh (1993). 2 Cost of Service Total cost of logistics outsourcing. Lynch (2000), Stock et al. (1998), Tam and Tummala (2001). 3 Quality of Service It includes many aspects like transportation time, on-time delivery, frequency and cost of damages etc. Razzaque and Sheng (1999), Thompson (1996), Langley et al. (2002). 4 Reputation of Vendor 5 Performance Measurement Opinion of concerned people about 3PL firm. Provision for periodic evaluation of the performance. Lynch (2000), Thompson (1996). Bhatanagar et al. (1999), Lynch (2000), Langely et al. (2002). 6 Willingness to Use Logistics Manpower Razzaque and Sheng (1998), Ackerman (1996). 7 Flexibility in Billing Willingness of 3PL provider to retain users’ logistics employee, who would otherwise become unemployed after outsourcing contract. Flexibility in billing and payment conditions which increases goodwill between user and supplier. 8 Long-Term Relationship Includes shared risk and rewards. Lynch (2000), Boyson et al. (1999). 9 Quality of Management Anderson and Norman (2002), Lynch (2000), Boyson et al. (1999). 10 Information Sharing and Mutual Trust Able management not only provides good services but also fosters a long-term elationship. For continuance of agreement and continuous improvement of services. 11 Operational Performance 12 Information Technology Capacity 13 Fixed Asset Langely et al. (2002), Tam and Tummala (2001). Anderson and Norman (2002), Lynch (2000), Langely et al. (2002), Babbar and Prasad (1998). Hum (2000), Boyson et al. (1999). 14 Experience in Similar Product 15 Deliver y Performance Can be measured by delivery performance, performance monitoring capacity etc. The advanced IT capacity helps in reducing uncertainties and inventory level. Tracking of goods becomes an easy process. Size and Quality of fixed sset helps in good operational performance. Prior experience in product line of shipper is added advantage. Speed and reliability. Bradley (1994). Lynch (2000). Razzaque and Sheng (1998), Ackerman (1996). Stock et al. (1998), Gattorna and Walters (1996). 11 16 Employee Satisfaction Level Improves operational performance. 17 Financial Performance Ensures continuity in services, regular updation of equipments. 18 Market Share It reflects its financial performance, customer satisfaction and reputation. Thompson (1996). 19 Geographical Spread and Range of Services Provided Flexibility in Operation and Delivery Create enhanced access to the user. Maltz(1995), Boyson et al. (1999), Bradlley (1994). Stank and Daugherty (1997). 20 It may enable the user to give customized service to the shipper, particularly in special or non-routine request. Lynch (2000), Boyson et al. (1999), Langely et al. (2002). Anderson and Norman (2002), Boyson et al. (1999). Table 7. Growth Strategies Reference Objective Conclusion Sum and Teo, (1999) To find out Strategic posture of logistics service providers in Singapore 3PL performance and profits can be improved by: †¢ Cost reduction, †¢ Market segmentation †¢ Service differentiation Environmental changes and the introduction of new technologies have an impact on LSP strategic planning Both vertical (shipper-LSP) and horizontal (among LSPs) alliances are set up mainly with the aim of getting access to complementary resources and capabilities. In particular, horizontal alliances among LSPs are deemed necessary for the development of cross-border logistics solutions Hum, (2000) van Hoek, (2000) To find out the factors that affect the LSP strategic planning To find out the reasons for doing alliances. 12 Stone, (2001 2002) To find out the growth strategies used by UK’s 3PL providers. Carbone and Stone, (2005) To identify the growth strategies used by European logistics service provider and its out come C. John Langley, Jr. , Ph. D. , and Capgemini U. S. LLC. 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 To identify the growth strategies used by the logistics provider in the world. LSPs employ a variety of growth strategies. Important means of expansion include: †¢ Mergers and acquisitions (MAs) †¢ Joint ventures †¢ Strategic alliances †¢ Piggybacking (i. e. following the client’s expansion and establishing new operations in foreign markets) †¢ Organic growth European logistics service providers use M for gaining dvantage in factors like: †¢ Economies of scope †¢ Expanded geographical coverage †¢ Acquisition of specialized capabilities †¢ Requirements for investment in IT and equipment Third party logistics providers use following strategies for growth of the company. †¢ M †¢ Service Portfolio †¢ 3PL User/Provider Relationships. †¢ RFID and IT †¢ Future Growth of the 4PL Provider Concept †¢ 3PL Creation of Supply Chain Value †¢ Integration Collaboration †¢ Green Supply Chain 3. Research Methodology The research objectives of this paper are as threefold: 1. To identify the success factors of Indian 3PL firms and their relative importance. . To analyze the gap between achievement and expectation as defined by the success factors identified. 3. To prioritize the growth strategies and their relative importance. 13 3. 1 Type of Research Employed In this paper we used an exploratory research to help formulate relevant questions and hypotheses that can be the basis of subsequent inquiries into the issues faced by 3PL providers and users. This type of research is particularly useful when the researcher is uncertain of the theories that are relevant, and would like to seek insights and ask questions to assess the phenomena he has observed in a new light. The tools one may employ to conduct exploratory research include review of the literature, and surveys of the opinions of experts and focus groups. 3. 2 Sampling Procedure We employed a non-probability sampling technique, Quota Sampling. Quota sampling is used to ensure that a set of specific characteristics that are of interest to the investigator is present in the sample. 3. 3 Sample Size To collect data we sent out a structured questionnaire to 220 third party logistics providers’ employees. 124 of the replies could be used for the analysis. Industry Review factor analysis, the research . 5 Tools of Analysis Literature Review Research Issue In our study we used SERVQUAL and AHP. The stages of process are shown in Figure 3. Research Questions First Version Development of Questionnaire Final Version Revised Version Data Collection Data Analysis 14 Conclusion Figure 3 Research Process 5 . Data Analysis 5. 1 To identify the success factors of Indian 3PL firms and its relative i mportance. The data collected through questionnaire was analyzed through SPSS 15. 0 to find out the success factors and their relative importance. The KMO and Bartlett’s test results shown in Table. indicate the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy is 0. 769 which is greater than 0. 5. This indicates that a factor analysis will be useful with the data. The value of significance level is 0. 000, which is less than 0. 05. So there is a significant relationship among the variables. The initial extraction shows that the communalities are very high, which indicate that the extracted components represent the variables well. Table 9. Table 8. KMO and Bartlett’s Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. 0. 769 Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity 3167. 333 Approx. Chi-Square Df Sig. 325 .000 Table. 9 Communalities Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Initial 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 Extraction .477 .611 .638 .667 .595 .670 .653 .536 .766 15 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25 Q26 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 1. 000 .661 .588 .624 .604 .664 .753 .748 .774 .589 .690 .695 .734 .671 .653 .582 .607 .641 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. 16 Table 10. Total Variance Explained Initial Eigen values % of Cumulative Variance % 23. 065 23. 065 12. 909 35. 974 Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings % of Cumulative Total Variance % 5. 997 23. 065 23. 065 3. 356 12. 909 35. 974 Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings % of Total Cumulative % Variance 3. 064 11. 786 11. 786 2. 964 11. 398 23. 184 42. 224 1. 625 6. 250 42. 224 2. 602 10. 007 33. 191 47. 529 1. 379 5. 305 47. 529 2. 118 8. 147 41. 339 4. 802 52. 331 1. 249 4. 802 52. 331 1. 829 7. 034 48. 372 4. 467 56. 798 1. 161 4. 467 56. 798 1. 599 6. 151 54. 523 1. 098 4. 225 61. 023 1. 098 4. 225 61. 023 1. 434 5. 515 60. 038 1. 023 . 935 64. 958 1. 023 3. 935 64. 958 1. 279 4. 920 64. 958 Component Total 1 2 5. 997 3. 356 3 1. 625 6. 250 4 1. 379 5. 305 5 1. 249 6 1. 161 7 8 9 .936 3. 598 68. 557 10 .869 3. 344 71. 901 11 .788 3. 031 74. 931 12 .704 2. 707 77. 638 13 .671 2. 580 80. 218 14 .608 2. 338 82. 556 15 .594 2. 284 84. 839 16 .552 2. 123 86. 963 17 .542 2. 083 89. 046 18 .503 1. 933 90. 979 19 .389 1. 497 92. 476 20 .380 1. 462 93. 938 21 .343 1. 318 95. 256 22 .317 1. 220 96. 476 23 .297 1. 144 97. 620 24 .242 .931 98. 550 25 .196 .753 99. 304 26 .181 .696 100. 000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. 7 Table 11. Rotated Component Matrix (a) Component 1 2 Q1 Q2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .504 .431 Q3 .760 Q4 .417 Q5 .639 Q6 .502 .488 Q7 -. 407 .646 Q8 .505 Q9 Q10 .813 .739 Q11 .555 Q12 .419 .699 Q13 .647 Q14 .639 Q15 .823 Q16 .815 Q17 .772 Q18 .457 Q19 .514 .491 Q20 .658 Q21 .731 Q22 .643 Q23 .742 Q24 .676 Q25 Q26 .688 .635 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a Rotation converged in 24 iterations. We note that about 65% (. 64958) of the total variation in the 26 variables is attributable to the first eight components, Table 10. We also observe that Component 1 explains a variance of 3. 064, which is 11. 786% of total variance of 26; Component 2 explains a variance of 2. 964, which is 11. 398% of total variance and so on. The rotated component matrix contains the same information as the component matrix, except that it is calculated after rotation, Table 11. From this table we construct the following factor matrix, Table 12, where the key elements of importance in relation to the eight factors are shown. 18 Table 12. Factor Matrix Eigen Value Factor No. Factor Name Total How to cite 3pl Providers and Users, Papers

The Elephant Vanishes Essay Example For Students

The Elephant Vanishes Essay Most of Murakami’s protagonists seem to lack meaning their lives. Explore the presentation of emptiness and ennui in The Elephant Vanishes. Lack of fulfillment and meaning to one’s life is a recurrent theme through the majority of the short stories in ‘The Elephant Vanishes’. Nonetheless, the presentation of this listlessness or ennui varies from story to story. For example, in ‘The Dancing Dwarf’ there are symbols of confused identity that come from the amalgamation of various cultures in Japan. Conversely, the traditional image of a depressed Salaryman is used in the Kangaroo Communiquà © while in ‘Barn Burning’ the protagonist appears dissatisfied with the reality of his marriage, and life in general. Therefore, although the meaning that Murakami is portraying is invariably constant, the delivery of this meaning changes. We will write a custom essay on The Elephant Vanishes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Often, Murakami uses epiphanies in order to present the emptiness and ennui in his characters lives. For example, in ‘Lederhosen’ upon seeing her husband in lederhosen the narrator’s mother immediately understands that she has been living an empty life, with a lack of purpose, and that actually she has an â€Å"unbearable disgust† for her husband. Even though, Murakami often presents ennui as a difficult cycle to evade, the wife is one of the few Murakami characters that appear to force change in her life, as, she returns to Japan and divorces her husband. ‘Lederhosen’ also presents the idea of emotional emptiness through the wife’s daughter. She has witnessed the instability and break down of marriage and as a result is not willing to experience similar troubles. To fill this emotional void in her life she becomes involved in sports, â€Å"a sports fanatic†. Moreover, the reader is shown the full extent of her emptiness, as when it rains she has nothing to do, and is desperately bored. In ‘The Kangaroo Communiquà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Murakami uses the idea of ‘being perceived’ as a way to show the discontent in the central protagonist’s life. Murakami’s present the narrator as a single entity, which is noticed by no one, and listened by no one. He rights letters as a way to be heard, but inevitably he is â€Å"extremely dissatisfied with being who I am†. As a way to show how depressed the narrator is, Murakami makes him record a tape while sitting on the doorstep. His language represents the lack of confidence he possesses, â€Å"Okay, what the hell, let’s give it a go†, the motifs behind recording the tape are quite blurred, as he doesn’t appear to care if anyone even listens to it. Predominately, it seems as though he simply wants to talk freely, a skill that he obviously doesn’t own. The presentation of this narrator arguably shows the most extreme case of a protagonist that is unhappy with their lives. I ndeed, the lack of fulfillment with his life has led him to desire company and assurance that isn’t even realistically possible, â€Å"I want to lead a general existence and yet be a distinct, separate entity†¦I want to be in two places at once†. From this protagonist it is apparent that Murakami is address a large portion of the Japanese workforce. They are stuck in a monotonous job, they have a desire to be perceived yet they don’t have the confidence to make change as their job supplies them with the only purpose and stimulus that they have in their boring lives. ‘Barn Burning’ is another example where the protagonist lacks excitement, purpose, and fundamentally is confused with his purpose in life. In this short story Murakami uses the figure of the girlfriend as a vehicle to show the emptiness in the narrator’s life. His initial meeting with the girlfriend provides the reader with an abundance of evidence that shows he has little or no contentment in his life. â€Å"I was married, but that didn’t matter†, the narrator does obviously not experience the assumed happiness that one gains from being in a relationship. However, perhaps more importantly, we see the amazement of the narrator at the girlfriend when she pretend to peel the â€Å"mandarin oranges† his desire to escape reality further provides the reader with proof that he is not content with his current life.